Zaidiyyah"Zaidi" redirects here. For Zaidi (Last Name) and other uses, see Zaidi (disambiguation).
Zaidiyya, Zaidism or Zaydism (Arabic: ﾘｧﾙﾘｲﾙ韓ｯﾙ韓ｩ az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is a Shﾄｫ'a madhhab (sect, school) named after the Imﾄ［ Zayd ibn ﾋ､Alﾄｫ. Followers of the Zaidi fiqh are called Zaidis (or occasionally, Fivers by Sunnis). However, there is also a group called the Zaidi Wasﾄｫtﾄｫs who are Twelvers (see below).
[] Zaidi Imﾄ［sFollowers of the Zaidi fiqh recognize the first four Twelve Imams but they accept Zayd ibn Ali as their "Fifth Imﾄ［", instead of his brother Muhammad al-Baqir. After Zayd ibn Ali, the Zaidi recognize other descendants of Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali to be Imams. Other well known Zaidi imams in history were Yahya ibn Zayd, Muhammad al Nafs az-Zakiyah and Ibrahim ibn Abdullah.
[] LawIn matters of law or fiqh, the Zaidis follow Zaid ibn Ali's teachings which are documented in his book Al Majmu Al Fiqh. The Zaidis are similar to the Hanafi madhhab with elements of the Jafari madhhab. [] TheologyIn matters of theology, the Zaidis are close to the Mu'tazili school, but they are not Mu'tazilite, since there are a few issues between both schools, most notably the Zaidi doctrine of the imamate imamah, that are rejected by Mu'tazilites. [] Unique BeliefsThe Zaidi Sects [1]
Zaidi beliefs are moderate compared to other Shi'i sects. The Zaidis do not believe in the infallibility of the Imams, nor that the Imams receive divine guidance. Zaidis also do not believe that the Imamate must pass from father to son, but believe it can be held by any Sayyid descended from either Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali. It must be noted, however, that Shi'i Twelvers do not necessarily believe in Imamate passing from father to son either, as can be seen from the transition of Imamate from the second Imam, Hasan ibn Ali, to his brother Husayn ibn Ali, after his death. Zaidis believe Zayd was the rightful successor to the Imﾄ［ate because he led a rebellion against the Umayyads, whom he believed were tyrannical and corrupt. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action and the followers of Zayd believed that a true Imﾄ［ must fight against corrupt rulers.[citation needed] Zaidis also reject the notion of Occultation (ghayba) of the "Hidden Imﾄ［". Like the Ismﾄ'ﾄｫlﾄｫs, they believe in a living Imﾄ［ (or Imﾄ［s).[citation needed] Great Sunni Imam [Abu Hanifa]has given fatwa[Legel verdict]in favor of Imam Zaid in his rebellion against Ummayid ruler of his time. [] CommunitySince the earliest form of Zaidism was of the Jarudiyya group[2], many of the first Zaidi states, like those of the Alavids, Buyids, Ukhaidhirids[citation needed] and Rassids, were inclined to the Jarudiyya group. The first Zaidi state was established in Daylaman and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864 C.E. by the Alavids[3]; it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the Samanids in 928 C.E. Roughly forty years later the state was revived in Gilan (north-western Iran) and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126 C.E. After which from the 12th-13th centuries, the Zaidis of Daylaman, Gilan and Tabaristan then acknowledge the Zaidi Imams of Yemen or rival Zaidi Imams within Iran.[4] The Buyids were Zaidi[5] as well as the Ukhaidhirite rulers of al-Yamama in the 9th and 10th centuries.[6] The leader of the Zaidi community took the title of Caliph. As such, the ruler of Yemen was known as the Caliph, al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Hussain bin al-Qasim ar-Rassi (a descendant of Imam al-Hasan) who, at Sa'da, in 893-7 C.E., founded the Zaidi Imamate and this system continued until the middle of the 20th century, until the revolution of 1962 C.E. that deposed the Zaidi Imam. The founding Zaidism of Yemen was of the Jarudiyya group, however with the increasing interaction with Hanafi and Shafi'i Sunni Islam, there was a shift from the Jarudiyya group to the Sulaimaniyya, Tabiriyya, Butriyya or Salihiyya groups.[7] Zaidis form the dominant religious group in Yemen. Currently, they constitute about 40-45% of the population in Yemen. Ja'faris and Isma'ilis are 2-5%.[2],[3] In Saudi Arabia, it is estimated that there are over 1 million Zaidis (primarily in the western provinces).[citation needed] Currently the most prominent Zaidi movement is Hussein al-Houthi's Shabab Al Mu'mineen who have been the subject of an ongoing campaign against them by the Yemeni Government in which the Army has lost 743 men and thousands of innocent civilians have been killed or displaced by government forces causing a grave humanitarian crisis in north Yemen. Shia Population of the Middle East[8] [] Al-Zaidi (Az-Zaidi)People with the last name Al-Zaidi (Az-Zaidi) are Sayyid, Arab descendents of Zayd bin Ali that either stayed in Kufa, Iraq or returned to Al-Hijaz and migrated to Al-Asir and Northern Yemen. They are predominantly Twelvers but some are of the Zaidi fiqh [9] [] Zaidi Wasitis[] Literature
[] References
"Zaidi" redirects here. For Zaidi (Last Name) and other uses, see Zaidi (disambiguation).
Zaidiyya, Zaidism or Zaydism (Arabic: ﾘｧﾙﾘｲﾙ韓ｯﾙ韓ｩ az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is a Shﾄｫ'a madhhab (sect, school) named after the Imﾄ［ Zayd ibn ﾋ､Alﾄｫ. Followers of the Zaidi fiqh are called Zaidis (or occasionally, Fivers by Sunnis). However, there is also a group called the Zaidi Wasﾄｫtﾄｫs who are Twelvers (see below).
[] Zaidi Imﾄ［sFollowers of the Zaidi fiqh recognize the first four Twelve Imams but they accept Zayd ibn Ali as their "Fifth Imﾄ［", instead of his brother Muhammad al-Baqir. After Zayd ibn Ali, the Zaidi recognize other descendants of Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali to be Imams. Other well known Zaidi imams in history were Yahya ibn Zayd, Muhammad al Nafs az-Zakiyah and Ibrahim ibn Abdullah.
[] LawIn matters of law or fiqh, the Zaidis follow Zaid ibn Ali's teachings which are documented in his book Al Majmu Al Fiqh. The Zaidis are similar to the Hanafi madhhab with elements of the Jafari madhhab. [] TheologyIn matters of theology, the Zaidis are close to the Mu'tazili school, but they are not Mu'tazilite, since there are a few issues between both schools, most notably the Zaidi doctrine of the imamate imamah, that are rejected by Mu'tazilites. [] Unique BeliefsThe Zaidi Sects [1]
Zaidi beliefs are moderate compared to other Shi'i sects. The Zaidis do not believe in the infallibility of the Imams, nor that the Imams receive divine guidance. Zaidis also do not believe that the Imamate must pass from father to son, but believe it can be held by any Sayyid descended from either Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali. It must be noted, however, that Shi'i Twelvers do not necessarily believe in Imamate passing from father to son either, as can be seen from the transition of Imamate from the second Imam, Hasan ibn Ali, to his brother Husayn ibn Ali, after his death. Zaidis believe Zayd was the rightful successor to the Imﾄ［ate because he led a rebellion against the Umayyads, whom he believed were tyrannical and corrupt. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action and the followers of Zayd believed that a true Imﾄ［ must fight against corrupt rulers.[citation needed] Zaidis also reject the notion of Occultation (ghayba) of the "Hidden Imﾄ［". Like the Ismﾄ'ﾄｫlﾄｫs, they believe in a living Imﾄ［ (or Imﾄ［s).[citation needed] Great Sunni Imam [Abu Hanifa]has given fatwa[Legel verdict]in favor of Imam Zaid in his rebellion against Ummayid ruler of his time. [] CommunitySince the earliest form of Zaidism was of the Jarudiyya group[2], many of the first Zaidi states, like those of the Alavids, Buyids, Ukhaidhirids[citation needed] and Rassids, were inclined to the Jarudiyya group. The first Zaidi state was established in Daylaman and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864 C.E. by the Alavids[3]; it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the Samanids in 928 C.E. Roughly forty years later the state was revived in Gilan (north-western Iran) and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126 C.E. After which from the 12th-13th centuries, the Zaidis of Daylaman, Gilan and Tabaristan then acknowledge the Zaidi Imams of Yemen or rival Zaidi Imams within Iran.[4] The Buyids were Zaidi[5] as well as the Ukhaidhirite rulers of al-Yamama in the 9th and 10th centuries.[6] The leader of the Zaidi community took the title of Caliph. As such, the ruler of Yemen was known as the Caliph, al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Hussain bin al-Qasim ar-Rassi (a descendant of Imam al-Hasan) who, at Sa'da, in 893-7 C.E., founded the Zaidi Imamate and this system continued until the middle of the 20th century, until the revolution of 1962 C.E. that deposed the Zaidi Imam. The founding Zaidism of Yemen was of the Jarudiyya group, however with the increasing interaction with Hanafi and Shafi'i Sunni Islam, there was a shift from the Jarudiyya group to the Sulaimaniyya, Tabiriyya, Butriyya or Salihiyya groups.[7] Zaidis form the dominant religious group in Yemen. Currently, they constitute about 40-45% of the population in Yemen. Ja'faris and Isma'ilis are 2-5%.[2],[3] In Saudi Arabia, it is estimated that there are over 1 million Zaidis (primarily in the western provinces).[citation needed] Currently the most prominent Zaidi movement is Hussein al-Houthi's Shabab Al Mu'mineen who have been the subject of an ongoing campaign against them by the Yemeni Government in which the Army has lost 743 men and thousands of innocent civilians have been killed or displaced by government forces causing a grave humanitarian crisis in north Yemen. Shia Population of the Middle East[8] [] Al-Zaidi (Az-Zaidi)People with the last name Al-Zaidi (Az-Zaidi) are Sayyid, Arab descendents of Zayd bin Ali that either stayed in Kufa, Iraq or returned to Al-Hijaz and migrated to Al-Asir and Northern Yemen. They are predominantly Twelvers but some are of the Zaidi fiqh [9] [] Zaidi Wasitis[] Literature
[] References
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