Wudu

Part of a series on the Islamic Jurisprudence - a discipline of Islamic studies

Fields

Economical Political Marital Criminal Etiquette Theological Hygiene Islamic cleanliness Ihram Wudu Ghusl Tayammum Miswak Najis Sexual Hygiene Dietary laws Dhabiĥa - Slaughter Banned Slaughtering of animals Comparison to kashrut Toilet Etiquette Military This box: view - talk - edit

Wudu (Arabic: الوضوء al-wuḍū', Persian:آبدست ābdast, Turkish: abdest, Urdu: وضو wazū') is the Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water. Muslims are required to perform wudu in preparation for ritual prayers and for handling and reading the Qur'an. Wudu is often translated as "partial ablution", as opposed to ghusl, or "full ablution".

Contents 1 The acts of wudu 1.1 Farā'id of wudu 1.2 Sunan of wudu 1.3 Mustahabbāt of wudu 2 Performance of wudu 2.1 Performance of wudu according to Sunni Muslims [9] 2.2 Performance of wudu according to Shia Muslims 2.3 Performance of wudu according to Qur'an Alone Muslims 3 Istenshaq 4 Invalidation of wudu 5 Wudu according to various Islamic Schools of Law 6 Tayammum 7 References 8 External links

[] The acts of wudu

The Qur'anic mandate for wudu comes in the sixth ayat of sura 5 (Al-Ma'ida):

O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. If ye are in a state of ceremonial impurity, bathe your whole body. But if ye are ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from offices of nature, or ye have been in contact with women, and ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or earth, and rub therewith your faces and hands, Allah doth not wish to place you in a difficulty, but to make you clean, and to complete his favour to you, that ye may be grateful. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

There are other acts that are performed during wudu (coming from the sunnah of Muhammad and Sunni Islamic scholars) and the detailed acts of the wudu can be classed into 3 types:

[] Farā'id of wudu

There are four fard (obligatory) acts. If one of these acts is omitted, it must be returned to and then completion of the successive acts are to be performed. Theses are clearly stated in the Quran.

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. "^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

• Washing the face once.
• Washing both the arms including the elbows once.
• Performing Masah of one fourth of the head .
• Washing both the feet once up to and including the ankles. ^{[5] [6]} It's not sufficient for one to pass wet hand over the feet or shoes. Under certain conditions masah can be done over leather socks known as khuffs ^[7].

[] Sunan of wudu

sunnah (Optional - practised by Muhammad according to Sunni Hadiths) acts.

• Reciting Bismillah.
• Washing both the hands up to the wrists.
• Rinsing the inner mouth.
• Sniffing water and blowing it out
• Passing wet hands over the whole head and around the ears.
• Passing of fingers between the fingers of the hand and feet.
• Brushing the teeth.
• Washing each limb thrice. ^[8]

[] Mustahabbāt of wudu

A handful of mustahab (recommended) acts that are considered to make the wudu better. If one of these acts is omitted, the wudu is still considered valid.

• Reciting the shahadah after the ablution
• There should be no delay between washing two limbs.
• During wudu one should not engage in worldly talk.
• Choosing a clean place for ablution.
• Not wasting water in ablution.

[] Performance of wudu

[] Performance of wudu according to Sunni Muslims ^[9]

1. Start by making niyyah (intention) to perform wudu and cleanse the self of impurities.
2. Say bismillah ("In the Name of Allah (God)").
3. Wash the right hand up to the wrist (and between the fingers) three times, then similarly for the left hand.
4. Rinse the mouth and spit out the water three times and rub the teeth with a Miswak. If Miswak is not available then one should use the finger.
5. Gently put water into the nostrils with the right hand, pinch the top of the nose with the left hand to exhale the water. This is performed three times.
6. Wash the face (from the hairline on the forehead to where facial hair begins and ear to ear). This is to be performed three times.
7. Wash the entire right arm, including the hand, up to and including the elbow three times; then the left arm three times. Pass fingers of one hand between the fingers of the other hand. If wearing a ring it should be moved freely to allow water to pass under it.
8. Then perform Masah. Wet hands should be passed all over the head; then the first finger of the right and left hand should be moved in the right and left ears respectively and in the same operation thumbs should be passed around the ears; then pass the backs of the hands over the hind part of the neck only. Hands should not be passed around the fore-neck as it is prohibited. This is only done once. One may NOT make masah over a Muslim head cap. Fresh water need not be taken for performing the masah of the ears.
9. Starting with the right foot, wash both feet from the toes up to and including the ankles thrice. The little finger of te left hand should be passed between the fingers of both the feet beginning from the little toe of the right foot and ending with the little toe of the left foot.
10. Recite the shahadah.

[] Performance of wudu according to Shia Muslims

Wudu must be performed on the skin except in the case of the wiping of the head (unless there is an obstacle that isn't naturally there, such as a combover). If there are bandages stopping one from wiping the skin of the arms, face, etc., then it is permissible to wipe the bandage.

1. Make the intention to perform wudu in the heart.
2. Shape the right hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, pour the water on the top of the forehead and wipe down with the right hand. It is obligatory to wash from the area where the hair normally grows to the chin.
3. Shape the left hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, pour this water onto your right forearm and wash your right forearm (covering the right forearm in water, leaving no spot dry). Wipe from the elbow to the fingers, and not from the fingers to the elbow.
4. Repeat this process except with the left forearm.
5. Without taking more water, wipe your hair from the middle down to the forehead, or vice versa, using the index finger of your right hand; it is mustahab to use three fingers. If you are balding, you would wash your hair as if it were growing when you had a full head of hair. It is not permissible to wipe the hair over an obstacle (such as wiping a hat or a turban instead of the hair/skin). It is not obligatory to wipe the actual skin on the head. If, however, the hair isn't growing from the area you are wiping (such as if you have a combover), then you must move the hair to where it belongs and wipe the skin.
6. Without taking more water, wipe the top of your right foot with your right hand. You only wipe once and with a swiping motion. It is unallowed to wipe the shoe, sock, etc. You MUST wipe the skin of the feet unless there is an extreme reason.
7. Do the same thing, except using your left hand and wiping your left foot.

This is based on the 6th Ayat of Surah al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5:6) which states:

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles."^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Imam Ali and the other Imams have stated that there are Mustahab, or recommended actions to wudu along with the above mentioned method.^[10] These acts are recommended:

1. Washing the hands twice.
2. Gargling the mouth three times.
3. Rinsing the nose three times.
4. Washing the face twice and the arms twice. It should be noted that it is not permissible to wipe the head and the feet twice (unless it is because one missed a spot) and that it is not permissible to wash the face and the arms three times.

There is no sin in leaving these out, but by doing them you will be rewarded by Allah. These extra acts are to be seen as Mustahab and it is forbidden to think of them as obligatory. These Mustahab acts of wudu are stated in Shia Hadiths.

[] Performance of wudu according to Qur'an Alone Muslims

Qur'an Alone Muslims

• Washing the face once.
• Washing both the arms including the elbows once.
• Performing Masah of one fourth of the head .
• Washing both the feet once up to and including the ankles.

This is based on the 6th Ayat of Surah al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5:6) which states:

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles."^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Wudhu gives a sense of cleanliness both spiritually and physically. As well as that, wudhu shows a sign of respect to Allah as one is clean in the presence of Him i.e. during prayer.

[] Istenshaq

An essential part of wudu it is to wash the nose three times in a peculiar way which we are going to describe: Put water in the hand and sniff it hard until it the water reach the pharynx, then blow it out hard, this has to be repeated three times. It has many benefits: 1-It Keep the nose which the normal breathing way open all times & no breathing through the mouth which means: The inspired air ; -is clean of dust and any other foreign bodies. -Of normal temperature/ not very cold and not very hot. -Of normal humidity and/ not dry. 2-The water passing through the nose have an effect on the orifices of the nasal sinuses to keep them open, also stimulating these sinuses to empty their secretion, preventing their acute and chronic infection. 3-The passing of the water up to the mouth has a cleansing effect on the pharynx and the tonsils preventing their inflammation. Treating the acute and preventing the chronic one. 4-This action seems to increase the resistance of the mucous membrane to infection by common cold viruses, and even when an infection by these viruses established it is not going to last more than a day or two. 5-It reduces the allergic reaction of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity reducing the nasal polyps formation which could be as a result of an allergy reaction.^[11]

[] Invalidation of wudu

Theoretically, one can perform one wudu for fajr salaat and this wudu would be considered valid for the rest of the day. However, certain things invalidate the wudu (often referred to as "breaking wudu") and these can be stated generically thus:

1. Defecation, passing gas or urination.
2. Emission of semen.
3. Sleep.
4. Passing blood.
5. Vomiting.
6. Loss of senses.
7. Fainting
8. laughing aloud whilst in Namaaz

The four schools of Islamic jurisprudence specify these conditions in more detail and include other conditions too.

Abu Hanifa interpreted "touched the women" to mean sexual intercourse, whereas Shafi'i interpreted it literally, meaning one must make wudu after making physical contact with a member of the opposite sex.

[] Wudu according to various Islamic Schools of Law

• Shia Ja`fari School: Laws Governing Ritual Purity.
• Sunni Schools:

Main article: Wudu according to the four Madhhab

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (June 2008)

The four schools of Islamic fiqh differ on some issues regarding the performance of wudu and it's invalidation.

[] Tayammum

Main article: Tayammum

Tayammum is a "dry ablution" using clean soil, rock, or sand and is to be performed when water is not readily available to perform ablution or when one is defiled (on janabah) and could not perform ghusl. See [1]

[] References

• Laws Governing Ritual Purity.
• Description of Ablution on IslamiCity
• Lemu, B. A., Islamic Aqidah and Fiqh: A Textbook of Islamic Belief and Jurisprudence (revised and expanded edition of Tawhid and Fiqh), IQRA' International Education Foundation, Chicago, 1997.
• Dr. Mamdouh N. Mohamed. Salaat: The Islamic Prayer from A to Z. 2003.

Part of a series on the Islamic Jurisprudence - a discipline of Islamic studies

Fields

Economical Political Marital Criminal Etiquette Theological Hygiene Islamic cleanliness Ihram Wudu Ghusl Tayammum Miswak Najis Sexual Hygiene Dietary laws Dhabiĥa - Slaughter Banned Slaughtering of animals Comparison to kashrut Toilet Etiquette Military This box: view - talk - edit

Wudu (Arabic: الوضوء al-wuḍū', Persian:آبدست ābdast, Turkish: abdest, Urdu: وضو wazū') is the Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water. Muslims are required to perform wudu in preparation for ritual prayers and for handling and reading the Qur'an. Wudu is often translated as "partial ablution", as opposed to ghusl, or "full ablution".

Contents 1 The acts of wudu 1.1 Farā'id of wudu 1.2 Sunan of wudu 1.3 Mustahabbāt of wudu 2 Performance of wudu 2.1 Performance of wudu according to Sunni Muslims [9] 2.2 Performance of wudu according to Shia Muslims 2.3 Performance of wudu according to Qur'an Alone Muslims 3 Istenshaq 4 Invalidation of wudu 5 Wudu according to various Islamic Schools of Law 6 Tayammum 7 References 8 External links

[] The acts of wudu

The Qur'anic mandate for wudu comes in the sixth ayat of sura 5 (Al-Ma'ida):

O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. If ye are in a state of ceremonial impurity, bathe your whole body. But if ye are ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from offices of nature, or ye have been in contact with women, and ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or earth, and rub therewith your faces and hands, Allah doth not wish to place you in a difficulty, but to make you clean, and to complete his favour to you, that ye may be grateful. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

There are other acts that are performed during wudu (coming from the sunnah of Muhammad and Sunni Islamic scholars) and the detailed acts of the wudu can be classed into 3 types:

[] Farā'id of wudu

There are four fard (obligatory) acts. If one of these acts is omitted, it must be returned to and then completion of the successive acts are to be performed. Theses are clearly stated in the Quran.

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. "^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

• Washing the face once.
• Washing both the arms including the elbows once.
• Performing Masah of one fourth of the head .
• Washing both the feet once up to and including the ankles. ^{[5] [6]} It's not sufficient for one to pass wet hand over the feet or shoes. Under certain conditions masah can be done over leather socks known as khuffs ^[7].

[] Sunan of wudu

sunnah (Optional - practised by Muhammad according to Sunni Hadiths) acts.

• Reciting Bismillah.
• Washing both the hands up to the wrists.
• Rinsing the inner mouth.
• Sniffing water and blowing it out
• Passing wet hands over the whole head and around the ears.
• Passing of fingers between the fingers of the hand and feet.
• Brushing the teeth.
• Washing each limb thrice. ^[8]

[] Mustahabbāt of wudu

A handful of mustahab (recommended) acts that are considered to make the wudu better. If one of these acts is omitted, the wudu is still considered valid.

• Reciting the shahadah after the ablution
• There should be no delay between washing two limbs.
• During wudu one should not engage in worldly talk.
• Choosing a clean place for ablution.
• Not wasting water in ablution.

[] Performance of wudu

[] Performance of wudu according to Sunni Muslims ^[9]

1. Start by making niyyah (intention) to perform wudu and cleanse the self of impurities.
2. Say bismillah ("In the Name of Allah (God)").
3. Wash the right hand up to the wrist (and between the fingers) three times, then similarly for the left hand.
4. Rinse the mouth and spit out the water three times and rub the teeth with a Miswak. If Miswak is not available then one should use the finger.
5. Gently put water into the nostrils with the right hand, pinch the top of the nose with the left hand to exhale the water. This is performed three times.
6. Wash the face (from the hairline on the forehead to where facial hair begins and ear to ear). This is to be performed three times.
7. Wash the entire right arm, including the hand, up to and including the elbow three times; then the left arm three times. Pass fingers of one hand between the fingers of the other hand. If wearing a ring it should be moved freely to allow water to pass under it.
8. Then perform Masah. Wet hands should be passed all over the head; then the first finger of the right and left hand should be moved in the right and left ears respectively and in the same operation thumbs should be passed around the ears; then pass the backs of the hands over the hind part of the neck only. Hands should not be passed around the fore-neck as it is prohibited. This is only done once. One may NOT make masah over a Muslim head cap. Fresh water need not be taken for performing the masah of the ears.
9. Starting with the right foot, wash both feet from the toes up to and including the ankles thrice. The little finger of te left hand should be passed between the fingers of both the feet beginning from the little toe of the right foot and ending with the little toe of the left foot.
10. Recite the shahadah.

[] Performance of wudu according to Shia Muslims

Wudu must be performed on the skin except in the case of the wiping of the head (unless there is an obstacle that isn't naturally there, such as a combover). If there are bandages stopping one from wiping the skin of the arms, face, etc., then it is permissible to wipe the bandage.

1. Make the intention to perform wudu in the heart.
2. Shape the right hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, pour the water on the top of the forehead and wipe down with the right hand. It is obligatory to wash from the area where the hair normally grows to the chin.
3. Shape the left hand like a cup and take water into it. Afterwards, pour this water onto your right forearm and wash your right forearm (covering the right forearm in water, leaving no spot dry). Wipe from the elbow to the fingers, and not from the fingers to the elbow.
4. Repeat this process except with the left forearm.
5. Without taking more water, wipe your hair from the middle down to the forehead, or vice versa, using the index finger of your right hand; it is mustahab to use three fingers. If you are balding, you would wash your hair as if it were growing when you had a full head of hair. It is not permissible to wipe the hair over an obstacle (such as wiping a hat or a turban instead of the hair/skin). It is not obligatory to wipe the actual skin on the head. If, however, the hair isn't growing from the area you are wiping (such as if you have a combover), then you must move the hair to where it belongs and wipe the skin.
6. Without taking more water, wipe the top of your right foot with your right hand. You only wipe once and with a swiping motion. It is unallowed to wipe the shoe, sock, etc. You MUST wipe the skin of the feet unless there is an extreme reason.
7. Do the same thing, except using your left hand and wiping your left foot.

This is based on the 6th Ayat of Surah al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5:6) which states:

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles."^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Imam Ali and the other Imams have stated that there are Mustahab, or recommended actions to wudu along with the above mentioned method.^[10] These acts are recommended:

1. Washing the hands twice.
2. Gargling the mouth three times.
3. Rinsing the nose three times.
4. Washing the face twice and the arms twice. It should be noted that it is not permissible to wipe the head and the feet twice (unless it is because one missed a spot) and that it is not permissible to wash the face and the arms three times.

There is no sin in leaving these out, but by doing them you will be rewarded by Allah. These extra acts are to be seen as Mustahab and it is forbidden to think of them as obligatory. These Mustahab acts of wudu are stated in Shia Hadiths.

[] Performance of wudu according to Qur'an Alone Muslims

Qur'an Alone Muslims

• Washing the face once.
• Washing both the arms including the elbows once.
• Performing Masah of one fourth of the head .
• Washing both the feet once up to and including the ankles.

This is based on the 6th Ayat of Surah al-Ma'ida (Qur'an 5:6) which states:

"O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; Rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles."^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Wudhu gives a sense of cleanliness both spiritually and physically. As well as that, wudhu shows a sign of respect to Allah as one is clean in the presence of Him i.e. during prayer.

[] Istenshaq

An essential part of wudu it is to wash the nose three times in a peculiar way which we are going to describe: Put water in the hand and sniff it hard until it the water reach the pharynx, then blow it out hard, this has to be repeated three times. It has many benefits: 1-It Keep the nose which the normal breathing way open all times & no breathing through the mouth which means: The inspired air ; -is clean of dust and any other foreign bodies. -Of normal temperature/ not very cold and not very hot. -Of normal humidity and/ not dry. 2-The water passing through the nose have an effect on the orifices of the nasal sinuses to keep them open, also stimulating these sinuses to empty their secretion, preventing their acute and chronic infection. 3-The passing of the water up to the mouth has a cleansing effect on the pharynx and the tonsils preventing their inflammation. Treating the acute and preventing the chronic one. 4-This action seems to increase the resistance of the mucous membrane to infection by common cold viruses, and even when an infection by these viruses established it is not going to last more than a day or two. 5-It reduces the allergic reaction of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity reducing the nasal polyps formation which could be as a result of an allergy reaction.^[11]

[] Invalidation of wudu

Theoretically, one can perform one wudu for fajr salaat and this wudu would be considered valid for the rest of the day. However, certain things invalidate the wudu (often referred to as "breaking wudu") and these can be stated generically thus:

1. Defecation, passing gas or urination.
2. Emission of semen.
3. Sleep.
4. Passing blood.
5. Vomiting.
6. Loss of senses.
7. Fainting
8. laughing aloud whilst in Namaaz

The four schools of Islamic jurisprudence specify these conditions in more detail and include other conditions too.

Abu Hanifa interpreted "touched the women" to mean sexual intercourse, whereas Shafi'i interpreted it literally, meaning one must make wudu after making physical contact with a member of the opposite sex.

[] Wudu according to various Islamic Schools of Law

• Shia Ja`fari School: Laws Governing Ritual Purity.
• Sunni Schools:

Main article: Wudu according to the four Madhhab

Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (June 2008)

The four schools of Islamic fiqh differ on some issues regarding the performance of wudu and it's invalidation.

[] Tayammum

Main article: Tayammum

Tayammum is a "dry ablution" using clean soil, rock, or sand and is to be performed when water is not readily available to perform ablution or when one is defiled (on janabah) and could not perform ghusl. See [1]

[] References

• Laws Governing Ritual Purity.
• Description of Ablution on IslamiCity
• Lemu, B. A., Islamic Aqidah and Fiqh: A Textbook of Islamic Belief and Jurisprudence (revised and expanded edition of Tawhid and Fiqh), IQRA' International Education Foundation, Chicago, 1997.
• Dr. Mamdouh N. Mohamed. Salaat: The Islamic Prayer from A to Z. 2003.